oxidative stress

Cellular oxidative stress arises from an imbalance between reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and antioxidant defenses, contributing to disease progression and cellular dysfunction. Quantitative assessment of redox status is therefore essential for understanding cellular responses and evaluating

The ocular lens is a transparent structure in the eye that is designed to refract and focus light onto the retina. The lens is an avascular unit which includes the lens capsule, lens epithelium, and lens fibers. Lens fiber cells form the bulk of the lens and a monolayer of epithelial cells cover the